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<title>Texture (visual arts)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Texture (visual arts)</span></span>

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<p>In the <a href="Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">visual arts</a>, texture refers to the perceived surface quality of a <a href="Work_of_art" title="Work of art">work of art</a>. It is an element found in both <a href="Two-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-dimensional">two-dimensional</a> and <a href="Three-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-dimensional">three-dimensional</a> designs, and it is characterized by its <a href="Visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual">visual</a> and <a href="Physical_properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical properties">physical properties</a>. The use of <i>texture</i>, in conjunction with other design elements, can convey a wide range of messages and evoke various emotions.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical">Physical</h2></div>

<p>The physical texture, also known as <i>actual texture</i> or <i>tactile texture,</i> refers to the patterns of variations found on a solid surface. These can encompass a wide range of materials, including but not limited to <a href="Fur" title="Fur">fur</a>, <a href="Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a>, <a href="Wood_grain" title="Wood grain">wood grain</a>, <a href="Sand" title="Sand">sand</a>, <a href="Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, <a href="Satin" title="Satin">satin</a>, <a href="Eggshell" title="Eggshell">eggshell</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/matte" class="extiw external" title="wikt:matte">matte</a>, or smooth surfaces like <a href="Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> or <a href="Glass" title="Glass">glass</a>.

</p><p>Physical texture differentiates itself from visual texture by having a <i>physical quality</i> that can be felt by touching the surface. The specific use of texture can impact the perceived smoothness or roughness conveyed by an artwork. For instance, <i>rough surfaces</i> can create a visually active effect, while <i>smooth surfaces</i> can evoke a visually restful sensation. Both types of texture can be employed to imbue a design with a sense of personality or utilized to create emphasis, rhythm, contrast, and other artistic effects.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Light plays a crucial role in perceiving the physical texture as it can significantly influence how a surface is viewed. Strong lighting on a smooth surface can obscure the readability of a drawing or <a href="Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a>, whereas it can create pronounced contrasts on a highly textural surface like river rocks or sand.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual">Visual</h2></div>

<p>Visual texture or implied texture is the illusion of having physical texture. Every material and every support surface has its own visual texture and needs to be taken into consideration before creating a composition. As such, materials such as canvas and watercolour paper are considerably rougher than, for example, photo-quality computer paper and may not be best suited to creating a flat, smooth texture. Photography, drawings and paintings use visual texture both to portray their own subject matter realistically and with interpretation. Texture in these media is generally created by the repetition of the shape and line. Another example of visual texture is terrazzo or an image in a mirror.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decorative">Decorative</h3></div>

<p>Decorative texture "decorates a surface". Texture is added to embellish the surface either that usually contains some uniformity.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spontaneous">Spontaneous</h3></div>

<p>This focuses more on the process of the visual creation; the marks of texture made also creates the shapes. These are often "accidental" forms that create texture.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanical">Mechanical</h3></div>

<p>Texture created by special mechanical means. An example of this would be photography; the grains and/or screen pattern that is often found in printing creates texture on the surface. This is also exemplified by designs in typography and computer graphics.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hypertexture">Hypertexture</h2></div>

<p>Hypertexture can be defined as both the "realistic simulated surface texture produced by adding small distortions across the surface of an object"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as pioneered by <a href="Ken_Perlin" title="Ken Perlin">Ken Perlin</a>) and as an avenue for describing the fluid morphic nature of texture in the realm of cyber graphics and the tranversally responsive works created in the field of visual arts therein (as described by Lee Klein).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_physical_texture">Examples of physical texture</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="Berlin_Green_Head" title="Berlin Green Head">Berlin Green Head</a></i>, 500BC. Note the smooth texture and mood of the bust.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Detail of woven fibers of a carpet</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Animals are often defined by their physical texture, such as a fuzzy <a href="Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a> or this scaly <a href="Iguana" title="Iguana">iguana</a>.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Blades of grass provides a soft texture</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Rough bark on the surface of a tree</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A wall of bricks with raised areas</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Auto Texture created over Clear glass Bricks</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_of_visual_texture">Examples of visual texture</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="View_From_the_Window_at_Le_Gras" class="mw-redirect" title="View From the Window at Le Gras">View From the Window at Le Gras</a></i>, <a href="Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce" title="Nicéphore Niépce">Nicéphore Niépce</a>, 1826. Photography.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">An image that has been digitally altered to show text and paper texture over a photograph</div>

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<ul><li><a href="Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition (visual arts)</a></li>

<li><a href="Design_elements" title="Design elements">Design elements</a> and <a href="Design_principles" title="Design principles">design principles</a></li>

<li><a href="Elements_of_art" title="Elements of art">Elements of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">Texture mapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_movement" title="Art movement">Art movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Creativity_techniques" title="Creativity techniques">Creativity techniques</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_media" title="List of art media">List of art media</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_artistic_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artistic media">List of artistic media</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_art_techniques" title="List of art techniques">List of art techniques</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGatto" class="citation book cs1">Gatto. <i>Exploring Visual Design: The Elements and Principles</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">122–</span>123.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.definitions.net/definition/HYPERTEXTURE">"What does HYPERTEXTURE mean?"</a>. Definitions.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribes.org/web/tag/hypertexture/">"Hypertexture | A Gathering of the Tribes"</a>. Tribes.org. 2006-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div>

<ul><li>Gatto, Porter, and Selleck. <i>Exploring Visual Design: The Elements and Principles</i>. 3rd ed. Worcester: Davis Publications, Inc., 2000. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87192-379-3</bdi></li>

<li>Stewart, Mary, <i>Launching the imagination: a comprehensive guide to basic design</i>. 2nd ed. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-07-287061-3</bdi></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Design_elements47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Design_elements" title="Design elements">Design elements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements of 2D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Shape_and_form_(visual_arts)" title="Shape and form (visual arts)">Shape</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightness" title="Lightness">Value</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color (visual arts)">Color</a></li>

<li>Space</li>

<li>Movement</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements of 3D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Light</li>

<li><a href="Color_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color (visual arts)">Color</a></li>

<li>Space</li></ul>

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<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708523#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata645" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7708523#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata645" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85134411">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531717005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/ffd48281-ae28-42ee-96d2-9f5be1ee8459">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-15" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Texture_(visual_arts)&oldid=1295672394">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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